技能主导类难美性项群难度动作的体能训练规划

Strength and Conditioning Training Arrangement of Skill Guided Difficult and Beautiful Events Group Movements

运动训练学中将水、陆、空、冰等不同场地,高质量的完成难度动作与规定套路,同时表现运动美、人体美的项目,集束为技能主导类难美性项群。其中除体育舞蹈及冰舞等项目外,成套组合中均含有难度动作。技能主导类难美性项群难度动作存在如下共同特征:首先,从难度类别上说均含有旋转、跳跃、翻腾、托举、劈叉等难度动作;其次,在竞技要求上,均突出难度动作价值,同时强调动作质量,提高运动员的艺术修养;最后,在难度的发展上,难度动作创新途径相近似,皆朝着“难”与“美”的方向发展。难度动作是技能主导类难美性项群中所有竞赛项目训练的核心,是比赛获胜的关键。而体能是完成难度动作的支撑。在日常训练中,教练员非常重视运动员难度动作的完成质量,因而进行专门的技术训练,注重技术的探索与创新。而体能训练仍以腰腹训练与下肢训练为主,较少进行其他部位以及感官系统的训练。因此,本文从“难”“美”角度出发,正确分析该项群难度动作的技术特点,从中挖掘出运动员应具备的体能特征,力求从体能出发把握科学的训练方向以完善技能,降低损伤风险、延长运动寿命。使体能训练真正融入难美性项目,并以此带动运动员成绩的提升。

Skill guided difficult and beautiful events group refers to sports with high-quality completion of difficult movements and prescribed routines,while showing the beauty of sports and human body in water,land,air,ice and other different venues.In addition to sports dance and ice dance,the complete set of combinations all contains difficult movements.The common feature of skill guided difficult and beautiful events group are:first of all,from the difficulty category,they all contain difficult movements such as rotation,jumping,tumbling,lifting and splitting;secondly,in terms of competitive requirements,they all highlight the value of difficult movements,and at the same time emphasize the quality of movements,so as to improve the artistic accomplishment of athletes;finally,in the development of difficulty,the innovation approaches of difficult movements are similar,and they all develop in the direction of“difficulty”and“beauty”.Difficult movements are the key point in training and competition of this event group,and physical ability is the foundation of difficulty.In daily training,coaches attach great importance to the completion quality of athletes’difficult movements,so they carry out special skill training and pay attention to the exploration and innovation of skills.While strength training is still mainly waist abdominal training and lower limb training ignoring other body parts and the sensory system.Therefore,from the perspective of“difficulty”and“beauty”,this paper analyzes the technical characteristics of difficult movements in this events group correctly,excavates the physical characteristics that athletes should have,and strives to grasp the scientific training direction from the physical fitness,so as to improve the skills,reduce the risk of injury and prolong the sports life.The purpose is to make physical training really integrate into the events group,and promote the improvement of athletes’performance.