探本溯源:环境信息作为权利客体的基本法理

Exploring the origin:the basic jurisprudence of environmental information as the object of rights

在人类社会发展已进入生态文明和信息文明“双文明”建设的新时代,环境信息应当被看作是一个有必要从权利客体理论视角加以界定和阐释的具有独立意义的法学概念。由此,正确认知和充分诠释环境信息作为权利客体的基本法理就成为一个极具价值意义的学术命题。环境信息作为权利客体的基本法理有两个核心议题,即其价值和条件是如何得以证成的。在界定环境信息概念内涵和认知环境信息特有属性的基础上,一是从权利客体理论发展的现实需求、新兴权利应时而生的内在动力需求以及环境信息“多元共治”民主格局目标的实现需求三个方面对环境信息作为一种新型的权利客体的独特价值加以证成;二是从环境信息是体现权利主体的利益需求之物的角度,具体而言,从环境信息是“需求物”“有用物”“为我物”“自为物”“特定物”“法律物”这六个方面对环境信息作为一种新型权利客体的基本条件加以证成。

In the new era of the“dual civilization”construction of ecological civilization and information civilization,environmental information should be regarded as an independent legal concept that must be defined and interpreted from the perspective of the object theory of rights.Therefore,the basic legal principle of how to explore the source and correctly and fully interpret environmental information as the object of rights has become a very valuable academic proposition.The two core issues of the basic jurisprudence of environmental information as the object of rights are how its value can be justified and how its conditions can be justified.On the basis of defining the connotation of the concept of environmental information and the peculiar attributes of cognitive environmental information,the first is the realization of the objective needs of the development of the rights object theory,the inherent motivational needs of emerging rights,and the realization of the goal of a“multiple co-governance”democratic pattern of environmental information.The three aspects of demand justify the unique value of environmental information as a new type of rights object;the second is that environmental information is a thing that reflects the interests and needs of the right subject,something that is valuable to the subject and can be controlled by the right subject;things that are separate from the consciousness of the right subject,things that are different from other rights objects,and things that should be adjusted and confirmed by law.The basic conditions of environmental information as a new type of rights object are the six aspects.