基础教育阶段学生审美体验的实践困境与方法辨析

The analysis of dilemmas in practice and approaches of student’s aesthetic experience in the basic education stage

审美体验是一种复杂的心理活动过程,可以激活学生的审美情趣,提升审美品位,使其具有感知美、表达美、创新美的能力。基础教育阶段学生审美体验具有四个基本特征:直觉性、情感性、层次性、创造性。审美体验的实践困境体现在:学生审美体验被隐性替代;教学最优化方法缺失;评价过于关注显性成绩;文本缺失审美范畴的介入;学生审美创造能力薄弱。审美体验的实践路径是:为学生创造自由的理解空间;选择和设计文本的审美范畴;关注多元评价方式;通过分享、交流促进审美思考;通过读写结合促进审美创作。

Aesthetic experience is a complex psychological process,which can activate students'aesthetic taste,improve their aesthetic taste,and make them have the ability to perceive,express and innovate beauty.Aesthetic experience of students in basic education has four basic characteristics:intuition,emotion,hierarchy and creativity.The practical difficulties of aesthetic experience are mainly as follows:students'aesthetic experience is replaced by invisible ones,and students'aesthetic intuition feels“lack of strength”.The teaching method has not been optimized and the aesthetic factors of different texts are ignored.The evaluation focuses too much on explicit achievement.Context lacks the intervention of aesthetic category.Students'aesthetic creativity is weak and lack of interest in creation.The author puts forward the following methods:giving students aesthetic experience to feel the space and platform;selecting and designing the aesthetic category of Context;focusing on multiple evaluation methods;sharing and communication and promoting aesthetic thinking and combining reading and writing to promote aesthetic creation.