管理城市化的内涵、空间格局与影响因素研究

A Study of the Context,Spatial Patterns and Influencing Factors of Managing Urbanization

城市化不仅仅包含人口城市化、产业城市化、社会城市化等内容,它与行政管理体制的转变即乡镇转变为街道以及村委会转变为居委会这一过程也密切相关。因此,行政管理体制的城市化也是城市化的类型之一。基于行政区划结构数据,界定了管理城市化概念的内涵并测算了293个城市的管理城市化水平,发现我国各市乡镇街道与村居委会两个层面的管理城市化水平均远远低于人口城市化水平,相比于人口城市化水平,西部地区乡镇街道层面的管理城市化滞后程度最大,而东部地区居委会层面的管理城市化滞后程度最大。进一步利用地理加权回归模型检验了293个城市管理城市化水平影响因素的空间差异性,发现经济发展水平、城乡收入差距、非农产业比重等变量对管理城市化进程的顺利推进具有正向促进作用,而人口城市化速度、城市土地价格、财政压力等变量对管理城市化进程则具有负面阻碍作用。最后,根据六个变量影响管理城市化水平的机理,提出未来应该重视管理城市化与人口城市化的协调推进,构建中央政府立法、省级政府统领、地市政府规划、县区政府主导的调整转化机制,重视健康经济发展模式的培育,加大对管理城市化进程的财政支撑力度以及针对管理城市化进程面临的特定问题来制定相应的完善策略等建议。

Urbanization does not only include population urbanization,industrial urbanization and social urbanization,but is also closely related to the transformation of the administrative system,i.e.the transformation of towns into streets and village committees into neigh-bourhood committees.Therefore,the urbanization of administrative system is also one of the types of urbanization.Based on the data of administrative division structure,we defined the concept of management urbanization and measured the management urbanization level of 293 cities,and found that the management urbanization level at the level of township,street and village neighborhood committee is much lower than the population urbanization level.Compared with the population urbanization level,the western region lags behind the urbanization level of townships and village neighborhood committees the most,while the eastern region lags behind the urbanization level of neighborhood committees the most.It was found that variables such as economic development level,urban-rural income gap,and the proportion of non-agricultural industries had a facilitating effect on the management urbanization,while variables such as population urbanization speed,urban land price,and financial pressure had a negative effect on the management urbanization.Finally,according to the mechanism of the six variables influencing the urbanization level,it is proposed that in the future,we should pay attention to the coordinated promotion of urbanization and population urbanization,construct the adjustment and transformation mechanism of central government legislation,provincial government leadership,local and municipal government planning,and county and district government leading,pay attention to the cultivation of healthy economic development model,increase the financial support to the ur-banization process and formulate corresponding strategies for specific problems.