我国苹果农药登记产品分析及建议

Analysis and suggestions on registered pesticides for apple in China

农药登记是农药进入市场的重要关口。分析了我国苹果农药登记产品现状及存在的不足,旨在为我国苹果上农药的研发、登记、使用和残留监管提供参考和依据。对目前中国农药信息网公布的我国苹果农药登记产品信息进行查询,分别从用途、毒性、剂型、含量、持证人、有效成分、残留限量、产品频次等方面进行统计分析。截至2020年2月,我国苹果农药登记产品共计2463个,包括1633个单制剂和830个混配制剂;杀菌剂占51.28%,杀虫剂占42.87%,除草剂占3.82%,植物生长调节剂占2.03%;针对斑点落叶病、害螨、轮纹病、桃小食心虫、蚜虫、炭疽病等病虫害的登记产品最多,156~574个不等;低毒产品占74.79%,中等毒产品占21.56%,微毒产品占3.65%;可湿性粉剂、乳油、悬浮剂、水分散粒剂、水剂等5种剂型的登记产品分别占30.53%、29.23%、19.08%、7.75%和4.51%;有效成分含量0.1%~1%的产品占74.18%,0.01%~0.1%的产品占13.38%,10%~50%的产品占5.81%;境内持有的登记证占93.70%,境外持有的登记证占6.30%。2463个登记产品共涉及农药成分155种,其中,戊唑醇、多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵、代森锰锌、哒螨灵、阿维菌素、毒死蜱等7种成分的登记产品均在110个以上,有47种成分未制定苹果中最大残留限量;确定了苹果各主要病(虫、草)害和各用途的高频农药产品。建议我国应加快苹果农药登记,使农药登记产品覆盖所有主要苹果病虫害,提高环境友好剂型农药产品占比;农药使用指导和残留监测评估应更多地关注高频农药和中等毒农药;需要制定而尚未制定苹果中最大残留限量的登记农药应尽快制定最大残留限量。

Pesticide registration is an important gateway for pesticide products to enter the market.This study aims to analyze the status and shortcoming on the apple registered pesticides to provide the reference and basis for apple of pesticide R&D,registration,application,and residue supervision in China.On the basis of the registration information disclosed at China Pesticide Registration Information Website,a statistical analysis on the use,toxicity,formulation,content,registration certificate holder,active ingredient,residue limit and product frequency of apple registered pesticides in China were made.As of February 2020,there were 2463 registered apple pesticide products in China,including 1633 single preparations and 830 mixed preparations,among which fungicides,insecticides,herbicides and plant growth regulators accounted for 51.28%,42.87%,3.82%and 2.03%,respectively;low-toxic products,moderate-toxic products and micro-toxic products accounted for 74.79%,21.56%and 3.65%,respectively;93.70%of the registration certificates were held by domestic enterprises and 6.30%were held by offshore enterprises.Apple diseases and pests such as early leaf falling,mite,ringspot,carposina niponensis,aphid and anthracnose are the main control targets with 156 to 574 registered pesticide products.Wettable powder,emulsifiable concentrate,suspension concentrate,water dispersible granule and water aquat are the main formulations,accounting for 30.53%,29.23%,19.08%,7.75%and 4.51%of the registered products,respectively.Products with active ingredient content(AIC)of 0.1%~1%accounted for 74.18%,products with AIC of 0.01%~0.1%accounted for 13.38%,and products with AIC of 10%~50%accounted for 5.81%.A total of 155 active ingredients were involved in 2463 registered products,seven of which(tebuconazole,carbendazim,thiophanate methyl,mancozeb,pyridaben,avermectin and chlorpyrifos)are all contained in over 110 registered products,and the maximum residue limits(MRLs)in apple for 47 of which were not established.The high-frequency registered pesticide products were determined for each of the main apple diseases and pests,and the orchard weed.It is strongly suggested that China should speed up apple pesticide registration to make registered pesticide products cover all major apple diseases and pests,and increase the product proportion of environment-friendly formulations;Both pesticide use guidance and residue monitoring and assessment should focus on high-frequency registered pesticides and moderate-toxic products;MRLs in apple should be established as soon as possible for registered pesticides of which MRLs need to be established but have not yet been established.