贵州不同海拔蓝莓主产区果蝇发生动态及其危害

Dynamics and harm of blueberry fruit flies in different altitudes of Guizhou Province

针对贵州省蓝莓园连年遭受果蝇严重危害的问题,为探寻有效的绿色防控技术,选择高坡乡、碧波镇、宣威镇3个不同海拔的蓝莓主产区,采用5点取样法,利用食诱剂连续监测了果蝇的年发生动态,同时采用随机抽样法研究了果蝇对不同海拔、不同品种蓝莓的危害情况。结果显示:在贵州省蓝莓园全年皆有果蝇活动,果蝇发生呈多峰型,有3个高峰期,分别出现在4、7、10月;蓝莓园外1000~2000m范围内的植被区果蝇发生动态与蓝莓园相似,但后2个高峰期分别出现在6月和11月;果蝇发生数量跟海拔呈负相关,蓝莓园内、园外果蝇种群数量均随海拔的升高而减少。不同海拔地区果蝇对蓝莓的危害差异不显著,但同一海拔地区果蝇对不同成熟期蓝莓的危害差异极显著(P<0.01),虫果率高低按果实成熟期排序为盛熟期>尾果期>初熟期;同一海拔地区果蝇对不同蓝莓品种的危害差异显著(P<0.05),‘灿烂’受害最重,虫果率为53.6%,‘粉蓝’次之,虫果率为34.4%,‘园蓝’受害最轻,虫果率为16.2%。

In order to explore the environmentally friendly control technology of fruit flies severely damaging blueberries in Guizhou Province,the annual population dynamics of fruit flies with different altitudes areas,including Gaopo,Bibo and Xuanwei,were monitored by food attractants.At the same time,the effects of different blueberry species and different altitudes on the harm rate of fruit flies were studied by random sampling method.The results showed that the fruit flies occurred all year in blueberry orchards in Guizhou Province,and the occurrence of fruit flies was multi-peak type,which appeared in April,July and October,respectively.And the occurrence of fruit flies in the vegetation areas,1000 to 2000 meters outside blueberry orchards,was similar to blueberry orchard,but the second and third peaks occur in June and November,respectively.Moreover,the population of fruit flies Inside and outside the blueberry orchard was negatively correlated with altitude.The damage rate of fruit fly at different altitudes was found no significant difference,while the damage rates at different maturity stages and different species of blueberry in the same altitude area were significant.And the numerical order is full fruit period>tailing period>early fruit ripening,and’Britewell’>’Powderblue’>’Gardenblue’,respectively.