南京地区蓝莓园土壤水分动态及蒸散研究

Study on soil water dynamics and evapotranspiration of blueberry orchard in Nanjing

采用野外定位观测法,对江苏省南京地区蓝莓园0~60cm不同深度土壤水分动态变化进行监测分析,并基于水量平衡法计算蒸散量,研究探讨该地区蓝莓园土壤水分动态变化特征、蒸散耗水规律及水分利用效率。结果表明:0~60 cm土层内,土壤含水量随土层深度增加而升高;受降水和季节变化等综合因素影响,果园土壤水分在3月下旬到5月中旬持续降低,在6月初到8月底呈现波动变化;试验蓝莓园4—8月蒸散总量为1046.5mm,同期自然降水量为1045.7 mm,但降水集中期与蓝莓需水关键期并不完全吻合。因此,南京地区蓝莓园需在蓝莓需水关键期视土壤墒情及苗情适时进行灌溉补水。

Soil water dynamics in the 0~60 cm soil profile in blueberry orchard in Nanjing was investigated using in situ soil moisture observation.Evapotranspiration was calculated based on soil water balance method.The temporal and spatial variations of soil moisture,evapotranspiration and water use efficiency were studied.The results showed that:Soil moisture content increased with the increase of soil depth in the 0~60 cm layer.Soil moisture in blueberry orchard was mainly affected by rainfall,evapotranspiration,and it decreased continuously from late March to mid-May,and fluctuated from early June to late August.The evapotranspiration of blueberry orchard from April to August was 1046.5 mm,and the precipitation during the same period was 1045.7 mm,but usually the critical period of blueberry water demand did not coincide with the timing of rainfall.Therefore,blueberry orchard in Nanjing area should be irrigated timely according to soil moisture and seedling conditions in the critical period of blueberry water demand.