淮河流域气象业务服务及科技发展

Meteorological Operation,Service and Scientific Research Development of Huaihe River Basin

淮河流域地处我国南北气候过渡地区,天气气候复杂多变,降雨时空分布不均。历史上,黄河长期侵淮夺淮,使其丧失入海口,淮河流域水旱灾害频发,淮河因此得名“最难治理的河流”。本文以淮河流域大型科学试验、水文气象科技、流域气象业务服务发展为主线,分析总结科学试验和科技发展成果,梳理流域气象业务发展历程。20世纪90年代以来,围绕淮河流域气象防灾减灾的科学试验和技术研发持续推进,成立了淮河流域气象中心,流域气象服务机制和服务能力显著提升,在流域防汛抗洪的关键节点发挥了重要作用。笔者提出了“十四五”流域气象服务发展设想。

The Huaihe River basin is located in the transitional region of China’s north-south climate.The climate of Huaihe River Basin is complex and unpredictable,with large differences in the temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall.Historically,the Yellow River has invaded and seized Huaihe River for a long time,causing it to lose its estuary.The Huaihe River therefore became unruly and suffered from frequent floods and droughts,which gave it the name“the most difficult river to manage”.This paper focuses on the development of large-scale scientific experiments,hydro-meteorological science and technology,and meteorological services in the Huaihe River Basin.The achievements of scientific experiments,the development of science and technology,and the history of meteorological operations have been analyzed and summarized.Since the 1990s,scientific experiments and technical research and development have been carried out on meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation in the Huaihe River Basin.The Huaihe River Basin Meteorological Center was then established,which have significantly improved the mechanism and service capacity of meteorological services in the basin and played an important role in flood control and flood prevention in the basin.The development vision was accordingly proposed for the meteorological services in the basin during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.