开运招福大黑天:日本大黑天财神信仰的传播与发展

Daikokuten:The Spread and Development of the Belief in the God of Wealth in Japan

大黑天神的食厨神(财富神)神格随汉传密宗于唐代传入江南,后传至日本,在日本获得了极为广泛的信仰并传承至今。结合文献与田野调研资料,从大黑天财神两次本土化着眼,可以梳理并解析大黑天财神信仰在日本的形成过程及其原因。大黑天财神在日本的传播与发展是佛教、神道教、民间信仰互相吸收、彼此同化的过程,也是政治、商业、农业等共同推动发展的结果。这一过程既承载了地域文化的历史,也隐含着中日文化交流史。

After the Daikokuten God of Cookery(God of Wealth)was passed down to Japan along with the Han Transmission Tantrayana Buddhism,it gained an extremely wide range of beliefs and has been passed down to this day.Combined with literature and field research data,starting from the two times of localization of Daheitian God of wealth,we can sort out and analyze the local process,as well as the reasons of the formation of the belief in Daheitian God of Wealth,which is integrated with Shinto Japanese God,and then combined with folk belief to form shichifukujin belief.The spread and development of Daikokuten God of Wealth in Japan is a process of mutual assimilation of Buddhism,Shinto,and folk beliefs.It is also the result of the joint development of politics,commerce,and agriculture.This process not only carries the history of regional culture,but also implies the history of cultural exchange between China and Japan.