新冠疫情下美国数字美元的发展及其影响

The Development and Influence of the US Digital Dollar under the COVID-19 Pandemic

受美元创新内在要求、全球范围内数字经济热潮客观带动、新冠疫情全球大流行强力催化等因素的影响,美国公共部门和私营机构加速了数字美元的研发进程。从理论上讲,数字美元作为一个新兴的数字货币,本质上属于央行数字货币的范畴。它是法定货币的数字版本,具备货币的属性和职能,是美元代币化的数字表现。由于美元作为世界储备货币的重要地位,数字美元的发展,对美国货币金融体系改革、国际货币金融体系演进以及中国货币金融政策发展都将产生重大影响。为应对数字美元的发展可能带来的负面影响,中国需要及时采取相应对策,包括尽快推出中国央行数字货币并促进其国际流通、推动国内数字货币领域的标准化建设和制度创新、加强全球范围内数字金融领域的国际合作和规则构建。

Affected by the inherent requirements of US dollar innovation,the global upsurge of digital economy,and the strong catalysis of the global pandemic of the COVID-19,the US public sector and private sectors accelerated the research and development process of digital dollar.In theory,as a new digital currency,digital dollar belongs to the category of central bank digital currency in essence.It is the digital version of legal currency,has the property and function of currency,and is the digital expression of dollar token.Due to the important position of the dollar as the world reserve currency,the development of the digital dollar will have a significant impact on the reform of the US monetary and financial system,the evolution of the international monetary and financial system and the development of China’s monetary and financial policies.In order to cope with the possible negative impact of the development of the digital dollar,China needs to take corresponding countermeasures in time,including launching the Digital Currency Electronic Payment and promoting its international circulation as soon as possible,promoting the standardization construction and institutional innovation in the field of domestic digital currency,strengthening international cooperation and rule construction in the field of digital finance in the global scope.