以大型文化事件引导的后工业城市更新——以巴塞罗那水岸再生为例

Urban Regeneration in Post-Industrial City Led by Large-Scale Cultural Events:A Case Study of Waterfront Revitalization of Barcelona

水岸再生是后工业城市更新中重要的组成部分。作为西班牙最大的滨水工业城市,在由工业时代向后工业时代转型的过程中,巴塞罗那经历了水岸区域衰落的危机。巴塞罗那在进行水岸再生的过程中探索了具有鲜明特征的独特路径,开创了利用大型文化事件为引导进行城市更新的"巴塞罗那模式",并在"城市一水岸一体化"层面对城市整体结构和功能调整产生了巨大的助推作用。文章通过实地调研、文献归纳整理等方法,结合对于巴塞罗那城市特殊历史背景的考察,详细梳理了巴塞罗那历史上3次水岸大型文化事件——1929年国际博览会、1992年奥运会以及2004年世界文化论坛,进一步明确以大型文化事件引导的城市更新的"巴塞罗那模式"的长期性、激发性、公私合作、公众参与等典型特征,并试图挖掘其背后的机制,以期为当前我国的水岸再生研究与规划实践提供有益借鉴。

Waterfront revitalization is an important component of post-industrial urban regeneration.As Spain's largest waterfront industrial city,during the transition from the industrial era to the post-industrial era,the city of Barcelona has experienced the crisis of the decline of the waterfront area.In the process of waterfront revitalization,Barcelona explored unique paths with distinctive characteristics,pioneered the'"Barcelona model"using large cultural events as a guide for urban regeneration,and produced a huge boost to the city's overall structure and function adjustment at the level of"city-waterfront integration".Through field investigation,literature summary and other study methods,combined with the consideration of the special historical background of Barcelona city,the paper combed the three major cultural events on the waterfront in Barcelona's history-the International Exposition in 1929,the Olympic Games in 1992,and the World Cultural Forum in 2004,further clarifying the typical characteristics of the long-term,stimulating,public-private partnership,and public participation of the urban regeneration's"Barcelona model"guided by large-scale cultural events,and trying to dig the mechanism behind it.It is expected that this research can provide useful reference for China's waterfront revitalization.