漂浮海藻光合作用的特点与研究进展

Photosynthesis Characteristics of Floating Seaweeds and Their Research Progresses

漂浮海藻是具有独特生活史的一类海藻,可独立漂浮在海面完成部分或整个生活史。全世界因漂浮海藻造成的绿潮和金潮现象日益频繁。2008年我国黄海爆发了世界上有记录的最大规模的绿潮,近年来由大型褐藻(马尾藻)引起的金潮也在我国黄海海域爆发,这些频繁出现的藻华对沿岸生态环境,水产养殖造成了严重影响,引起了广泛的社会关注。光合作用是光合生物最重要的生理过程之一,漂浮海藻的光合作用具有不同于底栖海藻的特点,以适应漂浮生境,进而呈现出繁殖迅速,生物量增长快等特点。本文对国内外漂浮海藻的光合作用研究进行了汇总,分析其特点主要表现在:(1)漂浮海藻较底栖海藻拥有较高的光合活性,但是光合潜力较低;(2)漂浮海藻在海面可高效的进行无机碳固定;(3)漂浮海藻在漂浮时可通过多种机制减少光吸收和增加热耗散来进行光保护。

Floating seaweeds may complete their partial or whole life cycle in floating state.The number of green and golden tides caused by floating macroalgae has been continuously increasing.In 2008,the largest green tide ever recorded happened in Yellow Sea.Besides,macroalgal bloom caused by Sargassum horneri occurred in the coastal areas of China regularly,which has caused considerable damage to the local environment and economy.Floating seaweeds have a high photosynthetic rate and photoprotective capacity of acclimating and adapting to the sea surface conditions;they can reproduce rapidly and grow fast.In this review,we summarized the researches on floating seaweeds,and discussed their photosynthetic characteristics and high-light adaption mechanisms.Floating seaweeds have a high photosynthetic activity,but a low photosynthetic potential.Floating seaweeds have efficient carbon fixation in surface seawater.They also have a variety photoprotective mechanisms including reducing light absorption and increasing thermal dissipation.