非洲猪瘟后我国生猪疫病防控及产业发展的几点思考——基于欧洲经验视角的分析

Some Thoughts on the Prevention and Control of Pig Epidemic Disease and Industrial Development in China after ASF from the Perspective of European Experience

非洲猪瘟给我国生猪养殖带来巨大影响,同时也暴露出我国生猪产业易受疫病冲击的现实问题。本研究梳理法国、西班牙生猪产业发展历程发现,法国、西班牙早期生猪产业特征与我国现阶段生猪产业特征具有相似性,即小规模养殖户占比较高,这为我国参考国外生猪产业发展经验提供了现实依据。梳理法国、西班牙和俄罗斯非洲猪瘟防疫经验及生猪产业发展经验发现,非洲猪瘟防控要内外兼顾,以国内防控为重点,同时要重视生猪疫病的国际传播;适度的生猪养殖规模能有效防范生猪疫病,也能减小疫病带来的损失。综合来看,提高生猪产业集中度、完善生猪产业链配套设施、延长生猪养殖企业业务链长度能增强生猪产业抵御疫病风险的能力。此外,稳定的产业政策有助于生猪产业发展。

African swine fever has brought great influence to China's pig breeding.The influence of African swine fever on pig breeding in China is also exposed a real problem that the pig breeding industry in China is vulnerable to the impact of epidemic disease.It is found that the characteristics of early pig breeding industry in France and Spain are similar to those of pig breeding industry in China at present.That is,small-scale farmers account for relatively high,which provides a realistic basis for our country to refer to the development experience of foreign pig breeding industry.Experience of swine fever prevention in France,Spain and Russia and the development of pig breeding industry show that the prevention and control of swine fever Africa should not only start in our country,but also try to prevent the transmission of the virus through international economic exchanges.Moderate scale of breeding and supporting industrial chain facilities can not only effectively prevent pig disease,but also reduce the loss of pig breeding industry ability of disease risk.