低合金高强钢激光焊接的研究现状与展望

Research status and prospect of laser welding for low alloy high strength steel

随着当今社会绿色经济的发展,及对降低能耗要求的提高,低合金高强钢以其优异的综合性能成为装备轻量化设计与制造中的主要结构材料。激光焊接作为一种先进焊接手段,以能量密度大、热输入小、焊缝质量高、易于实现自动化等优点,被广泛应用于低合金高强钢的焊接中。本文在综述了低合金高强钢特点、激光焊接原理、特点及设备的基础上,针对低合金高强钢激光焊接中的塑韧性下降、控制变量过多、激光光斑尺寸较小、等离子体效应等问题及其解决方法进行了详细论述,以期为低合金高强钢激光焊接的高质量工程化应用提供一些建议和思路。

With the development of the green economy in today’s society, the requirements for reducing energy consumption increase, low-alloy high-strength steel has become the main structural material in lightweight design and manufacture due to its excellent comprehensive performance. Laser welding, as an advanced welding method, is widely used in welding of low alloy high strength steels due to its the advantages of high energy density, small heat input, high weld quality and easy automation. In this paper, the characteristics of low-alloy high-strength steel, the principle, characteristics and equipment of laser welding are introduced. On this basis, the problems of plastic toughness reduction, excessive control variables, small laser spot size, plasma effect and other solutions in laser welding of low-alloy high-strength steel are discussed, in order to provide some suggestions and ideas for high quality engineering application of laser welding for low alloy high strength steel.