基于球果和种子的青海云杉无性系表型性状多样性研究

Phenotypic diversity of Picea crassifolia clones based on cones and seeds

【目的】种质资源变异研究是开展遗传改良的前提与重要环节,了解变异程度可对种质资源的保护与可持续利用提供遗传信息,分析不同种源青海云杉无性系表型变异程度和规律,为青海云杉目标性状选育提供依据。【方法】以甘肃省张掖市龙渠青海云杉无性系种子园内的7个种源青海云杉为研究对象,测定和统计不同种源的青海云杉球果、种鳞、种翅和种子表型性状,通过多重比较、方差分析、相关分析、聚类分析,分析和讨论青海云杉种源间、种源内表型性状多样性特点。【结果】青海云杉不同种源间球果、种鳞、种翅和种子性状均存在极显著差异,青海云杉表型分化系数平均值为74.20%,青海云杉表型变异主要来源于种源间的变异;球果和种子表型性状的变异丰富,变异范围为11.40%~55.50%,平均变异系数为21.07%;不同种源间变异差异明显,隆畅河林区种源平均变异系数最大(23.15%),西水林区种源平均变异系数最小(18.46%),11个表型性状间大多数呈显著或显著的正相关关系;通过欧氏聚类分析可将7个种源青海云杉划分为5个类群。【结论】不同种源青海云杉球果与种子的表型性状变异较为广泛,变异来源丰富。因此,在青海云杉种子园遗传改良过程中,应根据不同的育种目的,充分考虑种源间和种源内的变异情况,本研究在青海云杉种质资源收集、遗传多样性保护以及遗传改良方面具有一定的指导意义。

【Objective】Germplasm resource variation research is a prerequisite and an important link to carry out genetic improvement.Understanding the degree of variation can provide genetic information for the protection and sustainable use of germplasm resources,and analyze the degree and law of phenotypic variation of clones of Picea crassifolia from different provenances.Provide the basis for breeding of target traits of Picea crassifolia.【Method】The seven provenances of P.crassifolia in the seed garden of P.crassifolia clone in Longqu,Zhangye city,Gansu province were taken as the research object.The phenotypic characteristics of cones,scales,wings and seeds of different provenances were measured and counted.Using multiple comparison,variance analysis,correlation analysis and cluster analysis,the diversity of phenotypic characters among and within provenances of P.crassifolia was analyzed and discussed.【Result】There are significant differences among provenances in cones,scales,wings and seeds of P.crassifolia.The average phenotypic differentiation coefficient of P.crassifolia is 74.20%.The phenotypic variation of P.crassifolia mainly comes from the provenance variation;the phenotypic traits of cones and seeds are rich in variation,ranging from 11.40%to 55.50%,with an average coefficient of variation of 21.07%;the variation among different provenances is obvious,and the average variation coefficient of provenance in the Longchanghe forest district is the largest(23.15%),the provenance average coefficient of variation in Xishui forest district is the smallest(18.46%),and most of the eleven phenotypic traits have a significant or significant positive correlation;,seven provenances of P.crassifolia are divided into five groups.【Conclusion】The research finds that the phenotypic traits of cones and seeds of P.crassifolia from different provenances vary widely,and the sources of variation are abundant.Therefore,in the process of genetic improvement of P.crassifolia seed orchard,full consideration should be given to the variation between and within provenances based on different breeding purposes.The research has certain guiding significance in the collection of germplasm resources,protection of genetic diversity and genetic improvement of P.crassifolia.