论美国国际海底区域政策的演进逻辑、走向及启示

Evolution Logic,Trend,and Enlightenment of American Policies on International Seabed Areas

美国在国际海底区域政策的演进上历经多次转变,但其始终坚持以国家利益为导向。综合来看,美国未来极有可能全面回归到国际海底区域各项制度中,其关注的重点将围绕“人类共同继承财产”原则的具体落实以及国际海底区域事务的话语权。基于此,我国可以从美国政策的演进历程中获得启示。首先,坚持和落实“人类共同继承财产”原则。以制度设计打通利益分享与合理开发的隔阂,以制度手段和开放态度实现技术转让。其次,构建国际海底区域制度中的引领国地位,实现技术、资金和规则的三方面引领,提高我国在国际海底区域中的话语地位。

Although the US has experienced many changes in the development of policies on international seabed areas("the Area"),it always adheres to the orientation of national interests.On the whole,the US will likely return to the"the Area"systems in the future,with a focus on the implementation of the"Common Heritage of Mankind"principle and the discourse power of"the Area"affairs.Therefore,China must draw enlightenment from the evolution of American policies and respond to the future situation.First of all,China needs to adhere to and fully implement the principle of"Common Heritage of Mankind",remove barriers between benefit sharing and rational development by system design,and to realize technology transfer with an open attitude by institutional means.Secondly,efforts should be made to build China as the leading country in the"the Area"systems,play a pioneering role in fields of technology,capital,and rules,and to improve the discourse position of China in the"the Area"systems.