蛲虫病源流考

Investigation on Origin and Development of Seatworm

蛲虫病是一种常见的肠道寄生虫病,多发于儿童,易反复感染,以肛门及会阴附近瘙痒,夜间尤甚,为主要临床表现。中国古代医籍中有关蛲虫病的论述颇多,早在《史记》中就有关于本病病因病机的记载。其病名首见于《诸病源候论》,书中亦对蛲虫的寄居部位和并发症作了详细记载。此外,还率先提出了蛲虫病的传染源,即"小儿因乳养之人病而感染著也"。本病多由与蛲虫病患者接触,或误食虫卵所致,而虫卵还须借助人体的内在环境作为生活条件,才易生长繁殖。脾失健运,或中焦积滞,湿热久蕴均可为蛲虫的生长繁殖提供有利条件,从而加重病情。蛲虫病的证候分类包括蛲虫证、蛲瘕证和蛲疳证。临床论治应从整体出发,分清标本缓急:体质强者,当先驱虫,治以驱虫杀虫;体质弱者,宜攻补兼施,治以补虚安虫。

Enterobiasis is a common intestinal parasitic disease,which is common in children and easy to be infected repeatedly. The main clinical manifestation is pruritus of the anus and perineum,especially at night. There are many discussions on enterobiasis in ancient Chinese medical records. The etiology and pathogenesis of the disease are recorded in Records of the Grand Historian of China. The name of the disease is first seen in General Treatise on the Cause and Symptoms of Diseases. The location and complications of enterobiasis are also described in detail. In addition,the source of enterobiasis infection is proposed,"children are infected because of the disease of nursing people". The disease is usually caused by contacting with enterobiasis patients or eating eggs by mistakes. If the human body’s internal environment is favorable,the eggs will grow and reproduce easily. Loss of spleen transportation,stagnation of middle-Jiao,dampness and heat can provide favorable conditions for the growth and reproduction of enterobiasis,and thus aggravating the disease. The classification of enterobiasis includes pinworm syndrome,abdomen mass due to pinwormsyndrome and malnutrition due to pinworm syndrome. Clinical treatments should have an overall consideration. The patients with strong constitution should be treated with deworming method at first and those with weak constitution should be treated with tonic method and deworming method at the same time.