虚实并治中药分类及药性特征分析

Classification of Chinese Medicine for Simultaneous Treatment of Deficiency and Excess Syndrome and Analysis of Herbal Properties

基于经典方剂药少力专的特点和处方精简的原则,以《中华人民共和国药典》和《中药大辞典》为文献来源,筛选同时具有补益和祛邪功效的单味中药。结果共筛选得到虚实并治的中药130余味,依据其虚实证素归为以下7类:(1)补肝肾、强筋骨、祛风湿为主的中药;(2)补气血、益肾健脾、活血化瘀止痛为主的中药;(3)益气健脾补虚、化痰止咳为主的中药;(4)补气养阴、补益肝肾、润燥生津为主的中药;(5)补益脾肾、收敛固涩为主的中药;(6)以补益、解毒为主的中药;(7)补益气血阴阳、散寒止痛散结消肿为主的中药。并解析其药性特征,以期为中医临床治疗虚实夹杂证的择药拟方提供思路。

Based on the characteristics of less herbs with more potent actions of the classical prescriptions and by following the principle of simplification of prescriptions,we screened the herbs simultaneously having the actions of tonifying deficiency and dispelling pathogenic factors from the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China and the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The results showed that a total of more than 130 herbs for simultaneous treatment of deficiency and excess syndrome have been screened out,which can be classified into 7 categories according to the deficiency and excess syndrome elements.And the 7 categories were:(1)the herbs mainly having the actions of tonifying liver and kidney,strengthening bones and muscles,and expelling wind and dampness;(2)the herbs mainly having the actions of tonifying qi and blood,nourishing kidney and invigorating spleen,activating blood and resolving stasis for relieving pain;(3)the herbs mainly having the actions of replenishing qi,invigorating spleen and tonifying deficiency,resolving phlegm and easing cough;(4)the herbs mainly having the actions of replenishing qi and nourishing yin,tonifying liver and kidney,moistening dryness and producing fluid;(5)the herbs mainly having the actions of tonifying spleen and kidney,and inducing astringency;(6)the herbs mainly having the tonifying and detoxifying action;(7)the herbs mainly having the actions of tonifying qi and blood,yin and yang,dispersing cold and relieving pain,dissipating mass and subsiding swelling.Meanwhile,the characteristics of the herbal properties were analyzed,so as to provide thoughts for the selection of herbal medicine and for formulating prescriptions in treating the syndrome of deficiency mingling with excess.