中国古代的疫病探求与防治应对

The Cognition and Prevention of Epidemic Diseases in Ancient China

中国是一个疫病频发的国家。自殷商时代开始就有传染性疫病的记录。从先秦至宋元明清,疫病流行呈不断增长趋势,给历代民众造成了惨痛的伤害和苦难。这也激起了张仲景、葛洪、巢元方、吴又可等一代又一代医家和有识之士为认识疫病的发病病因、感邪途径、传变规律、治疗方法等进行艰辛探索,形成了以温病学著称的中国传统传染病学的理论体系。先民们采用的应对举措有预防为先、强身扶正,早察疫情、隔离患者,环境清洁、提倡卫生,医疗救治、创制新药等。这些丰富的经验和可贵的认知,为我们今天的疫情防治提供了镜鉴,值得认真总结和深入研究。

China is a country with frequent epidemics. There have been records of infectious diseases since the Yin-Shang dynasties.From the pre-Qin to Qing dynasty, the prevalence of epidemic diseases has been increasing, which has caused serious suffering and disaster to the people of all dynasties. It also stimulated generations of physicians and people of insight, such as Zhang Zhongjing, Ge Hong, Chao Yuanfang and Wu Youke to explore the pathogenesis, pathogenic pathway, law of transmission and change, and treatment methods of the epidemic, forming a theoretical system of ancient Chinese infectious diseases known as febrile diseases. The measures adopted by the ancestors to deal with the epidemic include prevention before disease, strengthening the healthy atmosphere, early detection, strict isolation, environmental purification, hygiene, medical prevention and control, and the creation of new medicines. These rich experience and valuable cognition provide us with a mirror for epidemic prevention nowadays. It is worth careful summering and in-depth studying.