过程性测量:教育测量的新范式

The Process-based Measurement:A New Paradigm of Educational Measurement

过程性测量是教育评价理念、技术方法与操作规范系统性革新所衍生的新测量范式,其实质是获取学生在教育教学或测验活动中的过程性表现,从中抽取测量证据推论学生的潜在特质水平或心智活动过程。基于真实教育活动过程评判学生是过程性测量的基本精神追求,技术工具应用是其不可或缺的方法手段,基于证据进行推理是其秉持的基本信条。过程性测量主要有面向成长与发展过程的测评和面向内在心理活动过程的测验2种形式。过程性测量实践需区分被测特质结构的稳定性和发展性,规范操作形式,以确保测量的科学性与公平性。

The process-based measurement is a new measurement paradigm derived from the systematic innovation of educational assessment concepts,methods,techniques and operating rules.Its essential meaning is to obtain the students’performance in learning or test process,and extract the measurement evidence from the process performance to deduce the latent trait level or mental activity process.Assessing students based on the process of real educational activities is its basic spiritual pursuit,the application of technical tools is its indispensable method and means,and“reasoning based on evidence”is its basic creed.It contains two main forms:the assessment of students’growth and development and the test of mental process.In the practice of process-based measurement,it is necessary to distinguish whether the test targeted latent trait is stable or developmental,normalize the operation of procedural test,and maintain a scientific and fair measurement.