环境中抗生素抗性基因研究进展

Research progress of antibiotic resistance genes in environment

近年来抗生素滥用导致环境微生物广泛耐药,抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)的出现及其在全球范围内的传播对人类健康及生态环境的稳定造成了巨大的、潜在的危害。环境中ARGs主要来自微生物的自然进化和菌种之间的水平基因转移(HGT),广泛分布于水、土壤和空气中,其传播受环境残留的抗生素、重金属和有机物等影响。ARGs检测方法分为对抗性菌表型的检测和对抗性菌基因型的检测,现阶段以PCR为基础的检测方法发展较为成熟,而宏基因组学为ARGs的检测打开了更高效、更准确的大门。本文对ARGs的来源与分布、传播及影响因素和检测方法研究进行综述,为环境中ARGs的监管和防治提供参考。

Recent years have witnessed extensive drug resistance of environmental microorganisms due to the abuse of antibiotics.The emergence and global spread of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) has led to great potential harms to human health and environment stability.The ARGs in the environment mainly come from the evolution of microorganisms and horizontal gene transfer between strains,and are widely distributed in water,soil and atmosphere.The transmission of ARGs is affected by residual antibiotics,heavy metals and organic compounds in the environment.The existing detection methods for ARGs include the detection of phenotype and genotype of drug-resistant bacteria.The methods based on polymerase chain reaction have been developed,while metagenomics will open another door for more efficient and accurate detection of ARGs.This paper reviews the studies into the source,outcome,transmission,influencing factors and detection of ARGs,in order to provide reference for the management,control and prevention of ARGs in the environment.