巴基斯坦高等教育治理改革的现状与展望

The Current Situation and Prospect of Higher Education Governance Reforms in Pakistan

自1947年印巴分治以来,巴基斯坦经历了高等教育治理初步尝试、法制化和体系化等多阶段改革,试图构建高等教育富有特色的高校内部和外部治理体系。但是在实践中,巴基斯坦高等教育治理改革进程非常缓慢,主要表现为联邦的高等教育治理权并未实现下放,高校核心治理机构改革停滞不前,高校的低度自治与高度问责难以打破等。未来巴基斯坦高等教育治理体系的改革,应该注重协调处理联邦与省区在高等教育治理方面存在的矛盾,扩大高校自治权以推动高校内部改革,并重视高等教育的国际合作,不断建立和完善多元共治的高等教育治理体系。

Since the partition in 1947,Pakistan's higher education governance has experienced preliminary attempts of legalization and systematic reforms.Pakistan has been trying to build a distinctive higher education governance system both inside and outside the universities.However,the process of reform is very slow in practice.At present,the higher education governance is centralized process with very few reforms of core governance of higher education institutions,which has limited the chances of high autonomy and accountability of higher education.In the future,Pakistan should establish a multi-governance system of higher education,pay attention to the coordination of the governance contradictions between federal and provincial governments,expand the autonomy of higher education institutions by promoting their internal reforms,improve the international cooperation of higher education,learn from the advanced experience of higher education governance in other countries,and constantly establish and improve the multi-governance in higher education governance system.