“河长制”政策效应及地区异质性研究

Study on Policy Effect and Regional Heterogeneity of the River Chief System

水污染治理是保障国家水环境安全的迫切需要,基于2014—2018年全国主要流域148个重点断面水质自动监测周报和政策演进数据,运用双重差分法(DID)实证研究了“河长制”政策效应及其地区异质性。研究结果表明:从个体来看,地方政府在治理过程中降低了水的高锰酸盐指数、显著降低了水中的氨氮含量,并显著提升了水质综合情况。但对于pH和溶解氧这两个指标却具有消极影响。这说明地方政府在水治理过程中普遍存在“抓大放小”倾向。从整体来看,河长制政策效果呈现明显的区域不平衡性,东部地区优于中西部地区,南方城市优于北方城市。这提示中国在未来水治理过程中应吸纳社会力量,加强监督检查力度,并因地适宜,实现差异化管理。

Water pollution administration is an urgent need to ensure the safety of national water environment.Based on the weekly water quality automatic monitoring reports of 148 key sections in major river basins from 2014 to 2018 and policy evolution data,this paper empirically studies the policy effect of the river chief system and its regional heterogeneity by using the Difference-in-Differences method(DID).The results show that from the individual point of view,during his administration,the local government reduced the permanganate index of water,significantly reduced the ammonia nitrogen content in the water,and significantly improved the overall water quality.However,the indices of pH value and dissolved oxygen were negatively affected.This shows that in the process of water administration the local government generally has the tendency of managing large enterprises well while relaxing control over small ones.On the whole,the effect of the river chief system showed obviously regional imbalance.The east is better than the midwest,and the southern cities are better than the northern cities.This suggests that in the future,China should strengthen supervision and inspection with the help of social forces,and deploy differentiated management model based on local conditions.