基因编辑技术在工业微生物育种中的应用进展

Application of gene editing technology in industrial microbe breeding

优质的微生物菌种对提高发酵工业产品的品质与产量有重要意义,而高效的育种技术对微生物选育工作至关重要。基因编辑技术作为现代遗传学研究的热点技术,极大地提升了现代工业微生物育种效率。基因编辑技术主要包含锌指核酸酶技术(ZFN)、转录激活因子样效应物核酸酶技术(TALEN)和成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列相关蛋白技术(CRISPR)3类。ZFN由于技术的复杂性,在工业微生物育种中鲜有报道。TALEN和CRISPR技术在酿酒酵母、米曲霉菌、黑曲霉、谷氨酸棒状杆菌和产甘油假丝酵母等主要工业微生物育种中相继展开应用,尤以CRISPR技术应用最为广泛。

High-quality microbial strains are important to improve the quality and yield of industrial fermentation products,and high efficient breeding technology is also essential to microbial breeding.As a hot technology in modern genetics research,gene editing has greatly improved the efficiency of modern industrial microbial breeding.Three kinds of technology are contained in gene editing,which are ZFN,TALEN and CRISPR system respectively.ZFN is rarely used for industrial microbial breeding for its complexity of technology.TALEN and CRISPR technology have been gradually applied in breeding of major industrial microbes,such as S.cerevisiae,A.oryzae,A.niger,C.glutamicum,C.glycerinogenes,etc,especially CRISPR.