不同长度红秋葵果实质地与品质分析

Analysis of Texture and Quality of Fruits With Different Length in Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.

以黄秋葵果实为试材,采用TA.XT.Plus物性分析仪,测定了不同长度红秋葵果实的质地参数(硬度、黏着性、弹性、凝聚性、咀嚼性和回复性)和品质特性(总糖、还原糖、游离氨基酸、蛋白质、维生素C和粗纤维含量),以期为确定合理的红秋葵果实采收和储存长度提供参考依据。结果表明:长度为10~15 cm中等大小果实的硬度、回复性、凝聚性、黏着性和咀嚼性参数均最高,而长度小于10 cm果实的所有质地参数均最低。中等大小果实的还原糖、蛋白质和维生素C含量最高,长度大于20 cm果实的游离氨基酸含量和粗纤维含量最高。相关性分析表明,除回复性以外其它各质地参数间均呈较好的正相关性,且除回复性以外其它各质地参数与红秋葵果实长度、直径、周长、单果质量均呈现较好的相关性。果实还原糖含量分别与蛋白质和维生素C含量呈极显著正相关,维生素C含量与蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关。综合果实质地和品质特性判断,红秋葵果实采收长度应选择10~15 cm中等大小果实为宜。

The fruits of Abelmoschus esculentus(L.) Moench.were used as experimental materials,in order to determine the reasonable length of harvest and storage of okra fruit,TA.XT.Plus physical property analyzer was used in this study.The texture parameters(firmness,springiness,cohesiveness,gumminess,chewiness and resilience) and quality characteristics(total sugar,reducing sugar,free amino acids,protein,vitamin C and crude fiber contents) of the fruits with different lengths in Abelmoschus esculentus(L.) Moench.were determined in this study.The results showed that the fruit with a length of 10-15 cm had the highest firmness,resilience,cohesiveness,gumminess and chewiness characteristics,while the fruit with a length of less than 10 cm had the lowest texture parameters.Medium fruits had the highest reducing sugar,protein and vitamin C content,and fruits with a length of longer than 20 cm had the highest free amino acid content and crude fiber content.The correlation analysis showed that all the other texture parameters except the resilience were positively correlated.And all the texture parameters except resilience were positively correlated with the fruit length,diameter,girth and single fruit weight.The content of reducing sugar in fruits was significantly positively correlated with the content of protein and vitamin C,respectivly.And the content of vitamin C was significantly positively correlated with the content of protein.Based on the judgment of fruit texture and quality,10-15 cm was considered as appropriate harvesting length.