不同磷肥类型及配施对辣椒生长发育和磷素吸收的影响

Effects of Different Types of Phosphate Fertilizer and Its Combination on Growth and Phosphorus Absorption of Pepper

以辣椒品种"三鹰8号"为试材,通过2个田间试验,设置4个磷肥类型及配比,包括磷酸二铵(DPA)、钙镁磷肥(CMP)、50%磷酸二铵+50%钙镁磷肥(DPA/CMP)、改性钙镁磷肥(MCMP),分析对辣椒生长性状、干物质累积、磷素吸收、产量的影响,明确不同磷肥类型及配比的效果。结果表明:磷肥类型影响辣椒的株高和分枝数,其中磷酸二铵处理(DPA)株高一直较高,钙镁磷肥处理(CMP)株高较低,尤其在幼果期和开花坐果期处理间差异较大;磷酸二铵+钙镁磷肥(DPA/CMP)和改性钙镁磷肥(MCMP)处理的辣椒分枝数显著高于钙镁磷肥(CMP)和磷酸二铵(DPA)。成熟期辣椒植株的生物量表现为果>茎>叶,改性钙镁磷肥处理(MCMP)的茎生物量最高;从产量(果)来看,施用改性钙镁磷肥(MCMP)辣椒产量最高,其次为钙镁磷肥(CMP)和钙镁磷肥加磷酸二铵(DPA/CMP),磷酸二铵(DPA)最低。施用改性钙镁磷肥(MCMP)促进了辣椒茎和叶的磷素积累;在果实中,改性钙镁磷肥(MCMP)的磷素积累量显著高于钙镁磷肥(CMP)和钙镁磷肥+磷酸二铵处理(DPA/CMP),磷酸二铵处理(DPA)最低。该试验条件下,施用改性钙镁磷肥降低了辣椒株高,提高了分枝数量,同时改性钙镁磷肥可提高辣椒茎、叶干物质的累积,促进辣椒磷素吸收,增加辣椒果实产量。

‘Sanying No.8’pepper was as material,through two field experiments,four types and proportions of phosphate fertilizer were set up,including diammonium phosphate(DPA),calcium magnesium phosphate(CMP),50% diammonium phosphate+50% calcium magnesium phosphate(DPA/CMP),modified calcium magnesium phosphate(MCMP).The effects of different types and proportions of phosphate fertilizer on the growth characteristics,dry matter accumulation,phosphorus absorption and yield of pepper were analyzed.The plant height and branch number of pepper were affected by the type of phosphate fertilizer.The plant height of DPA treatment was always high,and that of CMP treatment was low,especially in the young fruit stage and flowering fruit stage.The branch number of DPA/CMP and MCMP treatment was significantly higher than that of CMP and DPA).The biomass of pepper plants in mature stage was fruit>stem>leaf,and the stem biomass of modified calcium magnesium phosphate(MCMP)treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments;from the perspective of yield(fruit),the yield of pepper with modified calcium magnesium phosphate(MCMP)was the highest,followed by calcium magnesium phosphate(CMP)and calcium magnesium phosphate plus diammonium phosphate(DPA/CMP),and diammonium phosphate(DPA)was significantly lower and the lowest.The application of modified calcium magnesium phosphate(MCMP)promoted the accumulation of phosphorus in pepper stems and leaves;in fruits,theaccumulation of phosphorus in MCMP was significantly higher than that in CMP and DPA/CMP,and DPA was the lowest.Under the condition of this experiment,the plant height was decreased and branch number of capsicum was increased and the dry matter and accumulation of pepper stem and leaf were increased,the phosphorus absorption of capsicum was promoted and the yield of capsicum fruit was increased.