我国重要花卉野生资源保护利用成就与展望

The Achievements of Conservation and Utilization for Wild Important Flower Resources in China

我国幅员辽阔、气候地貌复杂,造就了丰富的野生植物资源,成为当今多个重要花卉如菊花、月季等发祥地或起源中心。如何行之有效地保护、利用好这些重要花卉的野生资源一直备受国家决策者、科研单位和育种公司的关注。本文着重总结了月季、菊花、兰花、牡丹、百合等重要花卉作物的野生资源在调查保护、基础研究、品种选育等工作中的突出成果,并对存在问题进行讨论,提出解决方法和发展方向。(1)改革开放后,我国就开展了野生花卉资源的调查、收集、保存等工作,近十年来,我国重要花卉的资源调查和保护工作日益加强,尤其是在设立专项科研基金和离体保存方面取得长足进步。(2)随着现代分子生物学的发展,多个花卉作物已经完成基因组测序和重要观赏性状的调控网络解析,基因组学和功能基因的挖掘在野生花卉资源精准评价方面发挥着重要作用;野生花卉资源的利用更是拓宽了新品种研发途径、加速了新品种选育进程、推进了花卉特用价值的开发。(3)我国的重要花卉野生资源还存在资源调查系统性低、缺乏长期持续性支持、基础研究有待深入、资源评价不够精准、没有真正形成产学研一体化等问题,希望建立完整的资源保护体系、拥有稳定支持的花卉资源创新团队,实现科研与产业的真正结合。

China has the vast territory which contributes to the complexness of climate and landform,thus is rich of wild plant resources and regarded as the origin center of many important flowers such as Chrysanthemum ssp and Rosa ssp.How to effectively protect and utilize these germplasm resources has been concerned by policy makers,scientific research institutions and breeding companies.This paper mainly summarized the outstanding achievements in the investigation,protection,research and breeding of the important flower crops,such as rose,chrysanthemum,orchid,peony,lily,etc.,and discussed the current problems,possible suggestions and solutions of wild flowers resources.(1)The investigation,collection and conservation of wild flower resources had been carried out since 1980s.During the past decades,the investigation and protection of important flowers have been developed rapidly,exemplified by the increase in research funds and in number of projects and the progress on in vitro conservation.(2)With the development of modern molecular biology,a series of flower crops have been sequenced and the regulatory networks of important ornamental traits have been revealed successfully.Research on genomics and functional gene play an important role in the accurate evaluation of wild flower resources.More over the utilization of wild flower resources has accelerated the breeding process of new varieties and promoted the development of special value of flowers.(3)There are still many problems on the conversation and utilization of wild flower resources,such as not many resource investigation systematically,lack of long-term sustainable support and in-depth basic research,inaccurate resource evaluation,etc.We suggest to establish a complete resource protection system and a financial support of flower resource innovation team to realize a real integration of scientific research and industry.