中国老年人视听残疾患病和康复服务利用现状及其影响因素分析

Dual sensory impairment and utilization of rehabilitation service among elderly people in China

目的了解中国老年人视听残疾和康复服务利用的现状及其影响因素,为我国老年人视听残疾的防治与康复提供参考依据。方法收集2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查数据中354859名≥60岁老年人相关数据,分析老年人视听残疾和康复服务利用的现状及其影响因素。结果中国354859名≥60岁老年人视听残疾患病率为1.56%,视听残疾老年人康复服务利用率为30.31%;康复服务中医疗服务与救助利用率为29.82%,康复训练与服务利用率为4.20%。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥70岁和居住在农村是中国老年人视听残疾患病的危险因素,文化程度小学及以上、有配偶、家庭人均年收入≥1600元、所在地为中等和较高人类发展指数(HDI)地区是中国老年人视听残疾患病的保护因素;女性、文化程度小学及以上、有配偶、家庭人均年收入≥1600元和所在地为较高HDI地区的中国视听残疾老年人康复服务利用情况较好,年龄≥70岁、居住在农村和所在地为中等HDI地区的中国视听残疾老年人康复服务利用情况较差。结论中国老年人视听残疾康复服务利用率较低,个体和环境因素与老年人视听残疾患病及其康复服务利用密切相关。

Objective To analyze the prevalence rate,distribution,and determinants of combined visual and hearing impairment and the utilization of rehabilization service among older adults in China and to provide evidences for prevention,treatment and rehabilization of the disease.Methods Data on 354859 residents aged 60 years and above were extracted from the second wave of National Sample Survey on Disability in China conducted in 2006.Chi-square test and unconditioned binary logistic regression were used to explore the distribution characteristics and determinants of combined visual and hearing impairment.Results The prevalence of dual sensory impairment among the participants was 1.56%.Among the elderly with dual sensory impairment,the utilization rate was 30.31%for overall rehabilitation services,29.82%for medication and assistance services,and 4.2%for rehabilitation training.The results of unconditional logistic regression analysis demonstrated that aged≥70 years and living in rural regions were risk factors for dual sensory impairment,while,with the education of primary school and above,married,with the household annual per capita income of≥1600 yuan(RMB),and residing in regions with moderate or higher human development index(HDI)were protective factors against dual sensory impairment among the elderly.The results also revealed that for the elderly with dual sensory impairment,those being female,married,with the household annual per capita income of≥1600 yuan RMB,and residing in regions with higher HDI were more likely to utilize rehabilitation services;but those aged≥70 years and living in rural regions or regions with moderate HDI were less likely to have rehabilitation services.Conclusion The utilization of rehabilitation services was low among elderly residents with dual sensory impairment in China and several social and personal factors had influences on the prevalence of dual sensory impairment in the elderly residents and on the utilization of rehabilitation services in the elderly with dual sensory impairment.