部分高中生报考临床医学专业意愿的现状及其影响因素研究

An investigation on the intention of senior high school students for entrance into medicine college and reasons

目的了解部分高中生报考临床医学专业意愿的现状,探究影响报考意愿的因素。方法采用问卷调查方法,选择2019年3月至2019年6月在上海、浙江、贵州、江西4个省(直辖市)10所高中就读的5344名高中生为研究对象,了解在性别、学习成绩等方面高中生的报考意愿是否存在差异,并分析影响其报考意愿的因素。采用χ2检验、logistic回归模型对所得数据进行分析。结果5.6%(300/5344)高中生报考临床医学专业意愿较强。女生、高三年级学生、学习成绩较优、父亲从事医疗行业的高中生中报考意愿较强者占比更高,分别为6.8%(191/2817)、8.6%(112/1304)、7.3%(30/412)、16.3%(20/123);高中生报考意愿在性别(χ2=15.298,P<0.01)、年级(χ2=28.864,P<0.01)、学习成绩(χ2=8.393,P=0.039)、父亲是否为医护人员(χ2=26.931,P<0.01)4个方面,其差异均具有统计学意义。对医学学科感兴趣(OR=200.24,95%CI:128.38~312.34)、对长学制了解(OR=9.43,95%CI:6.96~12.78)、对医生职业前景等认同度高(OR=0.37,95%CI:0.25~0.55)、认为当下医患关系非常和谐(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.21~0.71)、通过传统媒体或书籍了解医学相关信息(OR=2.87,95%CI:1.64~5.05)、对媒体塑造的正面形象印象更深(OR=1.66,95%CI:1.18~2.32)、偏好纪实记录片(OR=1.99,95%CI:1.49~2.65)的高中生报考意愿更高。结论部分高中生报考临床医学专业的意愿较低,其报考意愿受多种因素影响。为吸引更多优质人才助力健康中国建设,需要学校、媒体、社会的共同努力。

Objective To understand the current situation of senior high school students' willingness to join entrance examination for clinical medicine and to explore reasons.Methods Totally 5 344 senior high school students from 10 high schools located in four provinces (cities) as Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guizhou and Jiangxi from March 2019 to June 2019 were selected to fill the questionnaire. The questionnaire were used to observe the difference of willingness in gender, academic performance, etc. Then analyzed the factors that affect their willingness.Chi-square test and Logistic regression model were used to analyze the data.Results The results showed that only 5.6%(300/5 344) of senior high school students had strong willingness to learn clinical medicine. Female and senior ones(the third year), ones with excellent academic performance and fathers who are engaged in the medical industry are more likely to choose medicine. The proportions are 6.8%(191/2 817)、8.6%(112/1 304)、7.3%(30/412)、16.3%(20/123). In terms of gender (χ2=15.298, P<0.01), grade (χ2=28.864, P<0.01), academic performance (χ2=8.393, P=0.039), whether father was engaged in the medical industry (χ2=26.931, P<0.01), the differences of high school students' willingness to learn clinical medicine are statistically significant. Students who interest in medicine(OR=200.24, 95%CI: 128.38~312.34), know about the current medical education model(OR=9.43, 95%CI: 6.96~12.78), have high recognition of doctors' career prospects(OR=0.37, 95%CI: 0.25~0.55), think that the current doctor-patient relationship is very harmonious(OR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.21~0.71), get medical related information through traditional media or books(OR=2.87, 95%CI: 1.64~5.05), have a deeper impression on the positive image created by the media(OR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.18~2.32), and prefer documentary films(OR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.49~2.65) trend to choose clinical medicine.Conclusions Senior high school students have lower willingness for the learning of clinical medicine, which is affected by many factors. In order to attract more high-quality students to get education of medicine and thus make contribution of the health of people in China, the joint efforts of schools, media and society are needed.