基于乐观偏差的人车交互行为影响研究

Influence study on pedestrian-vehicle interaction behaviors based on optimistic bias

为减少不安全行为触发的人车冲突,从乐观偏差的视角分析人车交互行为的演化机制,提出基于感知推理过程的人-环境-风险关系模型。在此基础上,设计人车交互的3组不同风险场景试验。研究结果表明:风险暴露水平的降低会激发乐观偏差,进而引发不安全行为,其与隐藏风险水平呈负相关;暴露水平越高的风险,其降低越容易引发不安全行为;有效的规则约束可提高违规心理成本,优化环境设计、阻断晕轮效应扩散是减少行人不安全行为的主要途径。

In order to reduce human-vehicle conflicts triggered by unsafe behaviors, evolution mechanism of human-vehicle interaction behaviors were analyzed from perspective of optimistic bias,and a human-environment-risk relationship model based on perceptual reasoning was proposed.On this basis,three groups of interaction experiments with different risk scenarios were designed.The results show that decline in risk exposure will stimulate optimistic bias,which will lead to unsafe behaviors,and such exposure shows a negative correlation with hidden risks.And risks with higher exposure are more likely to trigger unsafe behaviors when exposure level decreases.Effective rules to restrain behaviors can increase psychological cost of violations,and the major ways to reduce unsafe behaviors of pedestrian are optimizing environmental design and blocking spread of halo effects.