火灾事故下人群承受热辐射阈值差异分析

Difference in thermal radiation threshold of people under fire accidents

为确保疏散模型中有关于火灾排斥力计算的合理性,减少火灾事故中的人员伤亡,采取现场试验的方法,首先用表面温度为600和900℃的辐射加热板作为散热器,模拟真实火源辐射,记录被试以不同身高、性别及趋近方式朝向散热器接近的最大距离;然后分析火场疏散过程中,人群迫于逃生压力,承受热辐射所表现出的多因素差异性特征,计算并对照其差值。结果表明:个体承受热辐射的程度与身高、性别、从众心理等因素有关,且符合正态分布;单人可承受热辐射程度与身高呈线性正相关,双人趋近相比于单人趋近可增加个体对热辐射的耐受程度;女性热辐射耐受能力相比于男性更低,但更稳定。作为改进火灾排斥力和保障人员安全的参考,单人趋近时,所受热辐射阈值应小于3.49 kW/m^2;双人趋近时,所受热辐射阈值应小于4.52 kW/m^2。

In order to ensure rationality of fire repulsion calculation in evacuation model and reduce casualties in fire accidents,field test was conducted.Firstly,radiation of a real fire source was simulated with a radiant heating plate at surface temperature of 600 and 900 ℃ used as a radiator,and maximum distance for subjects with different heights,genders and approaches was recorded.Then,multi-factor difference of their thermal radiation threshold under pressure of escape during evacuation was calculated and compared.The results show that thermal radiation threshold of individuals is related to height,gender and herd mentality in conformity with a normal distribution.It is positively and linearly correlated with height for a single person,and two-person approach can increase individuals ’ tolerance to thermal radiation.Moreover,female’s tolerance is lower than male,but more stable.As a reference for improving fire repulsion and ensuring personnel safety,thermal radiation threshold should be less than 3.49 kW/m^2 for a single-person approach,while less than 4.52 kW/m^2 in case of two-people approach.