考虑恐高心理的磁浮列车乘客疏散模型与分析

Modeling and analysis of passengers’ evacuation from maglev trains taking account of acrophobia

为研究高架桥上中低速磁浮列车乘客的恐高心理对疏散效率的影响,将疏散平台划分为8个不同分区,建立疏散网络,构建从车厢至疏散楼梯的最短路径网络,在此基础上引入恐高系数,建立考虑乘客恐高心理的中低速磁浮列车疏散模型。基于Any Logic开展模拟仿真,将虚拟现实技术的试验结果与Togawa经典模型结合以验证建立的中低速磁浮列车疏散模型,统计分析不同恐高系数、不同疏散平台宽度及不同恐高乘客比例条件下的乘客疏散时间。结果表明:恐高心理是影响乘客疏散效率的重要因素,恐高系数越大,乘客行走速度越慢,疏散效率越低;恐高乘客所占比例从0增至20%,疏散时间明显增加,比例从20%增至100%,疏散时间增加幅度减小;增加疏散平台宽度能提高疏散效率。

The present paper suggests to divide the evacuation platform into 8 different partitions so as for the convenience to study the influence of the passengers’ acrophobia on the efficiency of evacuation from the medium and low speed maglev trains on the viaducts. The said partitions are to be modeled as the evacuation transit zones,with the train carriages being modeled as the source nodes,whereas with the evacuation stairways can be modeled as the sink nodes. In such a manner,the shortest path network from the inside of the carriage to the evacuation staircase can be set up. And,then,further introduction of a fearful height coefficient can be quantified to the passengers’ acrophobia,so as to establish an evacuation model for the medium and lower speed maglev train. The model can be verified and validated through the comparison through the virtual reality experiments of9 scenes and the classical Togawa evacuation model performed with a commercial software Any Logic. In so doing,the said model can help to perform detailed simulations with the fear height coefficients being from 0 to 1,whereas the evacuation platform widths can be designed of 0. 8 m and 1. 1 m,in addition to the proportion of the passengers with acrophobia pshyche being equal to from 0 to 100%. The results of the above experimental study help to find that acrophobia is indeed a significant factor affecting the passenger evacuation efficiency. And,what is more,the greater the coefficient,the slower the passenger evacuation speed and the lower the evacuation efficiency should be. When the evacuation platform width is designed as 0. 8 m and 1. 1 m,the evacuation speed length should be increased by 9. 47%,16. 06%,75. 82% and 10. 04%,18. 62%,48. 59%,respectively,in case when the coefficient tends to increase from 0. 2 to0. 8. Thus,the greater the proportion of the passengers who were afraid of heights,the longer the evacuation process has to be delayed. Or,more specifically speaking,when the evacuation platform width was 1. 1 m,the proportion of the passengers who are afraid of the heights may increase from 0 to 20%,and,in turn,the average evacuation time length has to prolong by 12. 97%.And,in case,if the proportion tends to increase from 20% to100%,the width or the increase amplitude may increase the evacuation time by 6. 31%,4. 47%,3. 18%,and 4. 33%,correspondingly and respectively. Thus,it can be seen that the width of the evacuation platform increase can help to improve the evacuation efficiency. When the coefficients can be increased by0. 2,0. 4,0. 6,and 0. 8,the evacuation time for the passengers,can help to decrease the evacuation time by 18. 15%,17. 71%,16. 15%,and 28. 93%,suppose the evacuation platform were to be broadened to 1. 1 m wide as compared with an evacuation platform of 0. 8 m in breadth.