生态危机与生态治理:基于中西制度差异的比较分析

Ecological Crisis and Ecological Governance:A Comparative Analysis Based on Institutional Differences between China and the West

资本主义国家的生态问题比我国早出现80—100年,与其工业化和城市化发展,以及资本主义社会价值观的异化有密切关系。由于制度具有稳定的回报性,资本主义国家通过一系列制度建设来应对生态危机,其内生要求是生态的稀缺性,具体路径是通过完善产权制度以抑制人性自利的膨胀,而从根本上抑制自然生态资源的过度使用。相比而言,中国特色社会主义生态文明制度体系,丰富和发展了马克思主义关于生态的理论解释,面对当前我国一系列突出的环境问题,采取了针对性措施,决心在2020年打赢防治污染攻坚战,为解决生态环境污染这一全球性问题提供中国的制度经验。

An earlier arising(80-100 years)than that happened in China,of ecological issues in capitalist countries is made by their industrialization and urbanization,as well as an alienation of their capitalist values.To cope with that,the capitalist countries,in considering of the stable return of institution,relied much on institutional construction.The endogenous requirement of such measures is the scarcity of ecology and its specific path is to curb the expansion of human self-interest by improving the property rights system,thus fundamentally limiting the excessive use of natural ecological resources.In contrast,the socialist ecological civilization system with Chinese characteristics has enriched and developed the Marxist theoretical interpretation of ecology.The system,has well addressed a series of outstanding environmental issues in China,by taking targeted measures,with which China bears a determination to win the battle of pollution prevention and control by 2020.It thus provides China's institutional experience for curbing the global ecological pollution.