当代批判理论中的承认与规范

Recognition and Norms in Contemporary Critical Theory

承认理论是以承认概念为基础的理论体系,是当代批判理论的新形态,它表明人们有获得身份认同的心理需求,以及在这个需求的作用下所形成的社会运行机制;它同时也是西方身份政治兴起背景下的产物,具有特定的时代性,也是当代批判理论政治伦理转向的重要象征。但承认理论从最初的互动模式发展成为现在的社会伦理体系缺少不了对它的批判,这些批判从内在分析与外在事实中找到了承认的反例,由此证明拒绝获得承认其实也是建构社会规范的重要动因。在此情况下,承认理论要实现合理的规范建构,就必须考虑到在承认之外的反常情况,充分认识到获得承认的高度复杂性和流变性,不断扩展承认的外延,使之充分地包含规范的所有范畴,最后才能合理地阐述当代社会的秩序与规范。

Recognition theory is a theoretical system based on the concept of recognition,a new form of contemporary critical theory which shows one's psychological need to obtain identity and social operation mechanism formed under the effect of this demand.The theory is also known as the product of the rise of identity politics in the West,thus bearing an epochal character and being a symbol of the turn of political ethics of contemporary critical theory.An evolution of the theory from the initial interaction mode to the present social ethics system is indispensable from criticism,among which there have been some counter examples of recognition from the internal analysis and external facts,a proof that refusing to be recognized is actually an important motivation for the construction of social norms.In this case,if the recognition theory needs to be constructed reasonably,it must take into account the abnormal situation outside the recognition,fully realize the high complexity and rheology of recognition,and constantly expand the extension of recognition so as to fully include all categories of norms,thus reasonably explaining the order and norms of contemporary society.