论欧洲劳动标准的输出——以两大欧洲跨国企业的海外劳动关系治理实践为例

The Diffusion of European Labor Standards:Evidence from Two Multinational Companies’Practices of Industrial Relations Governance

由欧洲价值标准和法律规则所构成的欧盟软实力在诸多领域深刻影响着外部世界的经济社会生活。向来适用强保护、高福利的欧洲劳动标准是否也可以通过跨国公司的市场行为在欧洲境外顺利推行?为回答这一问题,本文采用了比较案例研究的方法,借鉴了资本主义多样性理论对于不同制度情景的类型学划分,对处于合作市场经济模式中的两家欧洲跨国企业——知名服装品牌ZARA的母公司Inditex集团和大众汽车——在分别将业务拓展至自由市场经济和新兴市场经济体的过程中,其劳动关系治理策略与当地制度环境产生的互动进行了梳理;并基于利益相关者的劳动关系系统分析框架对两个案例的差异进行分析和解读,旨在超越传统制度理论下的“路径依赖”视角,为资本主义治理模式的多样性提供一种新的理论解释。

The EU’s soft power composed of its standards,values and legal norms has been exerting profound impacts over various aspects of the socio-economic life of the world beyond Europe.Is it possible for the European labor standards,characterized by strong labor protection and generous social welfare,to be successfully transplanted and institutionalized outside Europe through the multinational companies’market behaviours?In order to answer this question,this paper makes a comparison of the practices of two European multinationals(VW and the Inditex Group which owns Zara)as they expanded their businesses into a liberal and an emerging market economy respectively,and of the interactions between their business strategies with strong European traditions and the peculiar local contexts of industrial relations governance,which have resulted in distinctive institutional outcomes.The authors interpret the two cases from a stakeholders’perspective in order to provide a new theoretical account for the institutional diversity of capitalist governance that goes beyond the path dependency approach in traditional institutional theories.