西方政党政治中的议题所有权理论:研究进路与理论反思

The Theory of Issue Ownership in West European Party Politics:Research Approaches and Theoretical Reflection

近些年来,“议题所有权”理论在西方政党政治和选举政治的研究中备受关注,并已成为解释政党战略选择和选民投票行为的一个重要概念。议题所有权的基本理论假设是选民会将特定的政治议题与特定的政党相关联,政党在选举战役中将倾向于选择性强调其“专有”议题来获得选举优势。相关的理论研究主要围绕议题所有权对政党行为的影响和对选民投票行为的影响而展开,如议题重叠与政党互动、议题取向的选民投票、议题所有权的稳定性与变化等。就当前学界的研究而言,“议题所有权”概念本身仍需进行更加规范化、系统性的建构,实证研究中的跨国比较分析、标准化的测量设计仍需进一步强化,议题所有权对选民投票行为影响的因果机制也有待进一步探究。

In the past decade,the idea of“issue ownership”has gained prominence in the study of party politics and electoral politics.It has become an important concept in explaining party behaviour and electoral behaviour.According to the issue ownership theory,the voters will associate certain issues with a given political party and consider such a party as being best at dealing with these issues.On the other hand,the political parties are inclined to selectively emphasize the issues that they‘own’in the campaigns in order to gain advantage in the elections.Most researches on issue ownership have focused on its impacts on party behaviour and on voter behaviour,such as issue overlap and party dynamics,issue-based voter choice,and the stability and change of issue ownership.However,there is still a lack of further exploration into a number of issues,including a more normalized and systematic construction of this concept itself,a comparative analysis between different countries,a standardized measurement design in empirical research,and the causal mechanisms of issue ownership’s effect on the voters’behaviour.