刑事诉讼中情况说明的证据属性及规制

The Evidence Attribute and Regulation of Situation Descriptionin Criminal Action

情况说明在司法实践中作为证据被广泛使用,但立法层面始终未明确其证据属性,导致其正当性饱受争议。证据的唯一属性是关联性,绝大部分情况说明与案件事实有所关联,属于证据。在此基础上将其证据类别定位为侦查笔录,符合情况说明本身的性质和特征。此外,保障情况说明作为证据的真实性,关键在于质证实质化。要界定情况说明严格证明范围,对不同种类的情况说明适用严格证明或自由证明的调查方式进行审查,从而规制情况说明在实务中适用的不规范,实现程序正当与诉讼效率的平衡。

The facts show that situation description is widely used as evidence in judicial practice,but its evidentiary attribute has not been clearly defined in the legislative level,which leads to its legitimacy being disputed.The only attribute of evidence is relevance,the vast majority of the descriptions are related to the facts of the case and are evidence.On this basis,we locate the evidence type as investigation record,which is more in line with the characteristics of situation description itself.In addition,the key to guaranteeing the authenticity of“description of the situation”is the materialization of the cross-examination.By defining the strict proof scope of situation description,and examining the ways of applying strict proof or free proof to the different nature of the situation statement,we can regulate the irregularities that the situation statement applies in practice,and achieve the balance between procedural justice and litigation efficiency.