基层社会的轻微违法行为及其治理路径——基于数地考察的实证研究

Minor Violations of Law in Grassroots Society and Its Path of Governance--An Empirical Study Based on the Experience in Several Places

在基层社会的安全监管、环境保护、食药监管等领域,存在较为突出的轻微违法行为。基层执法对象多来自社会底层,他们的生产生活条件比较困难,满足日常需求是其轻微违法的一个重要原因。执法对象也多以正常需求难以满足作为辩护理由,这容易获得社会的同情和理解,从而给基层执法人员带来很大压力,给执法工作造成困难。基层执法能力的不足,法律系统与基层社会之间的张力,以及执法对象和外部力量激发的话语压力,是导致轻微违法行为治理困难的深层原因。治理轻微违法行为,需要在立法环节扩大公众参与,增强法律对于多元社会利益的包容性;在执法环节要下沉执法力量,加强部门协同,强化执法监督;同时要秉持多中心治理理念,动员多种力量参与治理。

There are prominent minor violations of law in the field of safety supervision,environmental protection,food and drug administration,etc.in grassroots society.Most parties under law enforcement come from the bottom of society,and their production and living conditions are relatively poor,then meeting the living needs become an important reason for illegality.They regard normal needs hard to meet as the defense,which is easy to obtain sympathy and understanding of the public and put excessive pressure on primary-level law enforcement officers.These deep reasons for governance dilemma of minor violations are insufficient law enforcement capacity,the tension between legal system and grassroots society and discourse pressure aroused by offenders and external forces.Some measures could be taken to resolve the governance dilemma of minor violations including expanding public participation in the legislation and improve the legal inclusion of multi-interest,promoting the devolution of enforcement forces,strengthen departmental collaboration and law enforcement supervision,and mobilizing multi-forces to participate in governance according to polycentric governance theory.