我国部分高三学生学医意愿的调查研究

An investigation of the healthcare career willingness among high school seniors in China

目的了解我国部分高三学生的学医意愿情况和影响其选择学医的因素,以期为医学院校制订招生政策、开展招生宣传提供依据。方法2018年2月,北京协和医学院教务处开展了全国范围高三学生的学医意愿问卷调查,采用描述性统计进行调查结果分析。结果共有48所中学的1382名学生完成了调查问卷。高三学生想学医的原因主要是:"认可医学的社会价值,医生救死扶伤很高尚"为62.4%(863/1382),"对医学感兴趣"为50.3%(695/1382)。对学医的担忧主要是:"学制长"为50.3%(695/1382),"医患关系紧张"为45.7%(632/1382)。高三学生了解医学的途径主要是:"家人交谈"为49.3%(681/1382)、"影视文学作品"为41.8%(577/1382)、"网络"为30.2%(417/1382)。仅有11.2%(155/1382)和12.7%(176/1382)的学生参加过与医学相关的学校讲座或社会实践。经由影视文学作品、网络、学校讲座和社会实践了解医学的学生,担忧学制长的比例分别为55.1%(318/577)、55.2%(230/417)、43.9%(68/155)和48.9%(86/176),担忧医患关系紧张的比例分别为52.5%(303/577)、53.5%(223/417)、49.7%(77/155)和46.6%(82/176)。结论我国高三学生选择学医的动机较为纯粹,但其对医学专业学制长和医患关系紧张的担忧较大,对医学的了解不够客观和深入。积极探索医学学制改革,改善医患关系,注重在中学举办医学相关讲座和医学相关社会实践,将有助于吸引考生报考医学专业。

Objective To investigate the healthcare career willingness among Chinese high school seniors and associated influence factors so that Chinese medical colleges could adjust enrollment policy and enrollment propaganda accordingly.Methods In February 2018,the Academic Affairs Office of Peking Union Medical College conducted a nationwide questionnaire survey of senior three students'willingness to learn medicine.Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the survey results.Results Surveys were completed and returned from 1382 students in 48 Chinese high schools.The main reasons for potentially choosing medical profession were"a noble profession to save lives and of great social value"[62.4%(863/1382)]and"interested in medical science"[50.3%(695/1382)].The main concerns about learning medicine were"longer educational system in medical college"[50.3%(695/1382)]and"strained clinician-patient relationship"[45.7%(632/1382)].The main ways for high school students to learn about medicine were talking with family members[49.3%(681/1382)],literature[41.8%(577/1382)]and social media[30.2%(417/1382)].Only 11.2%(155/1382)students had school lectures related to healthcare profession,and only 12.7%(176/1382)students had experienced medical social practice.Among the students who learned about medicine from literature,social media,school lectures and social practice,the percentages of"long-term curriculum in medical college"concern were 55.1%(318/577),55.2%(230/417),43.9%(68/155)and 48.9%(86/176)respectively;and the percentages of"strained clinician-patient relationship"concern were 52.5%(303/577),53.5%(223/417),49.7%(77/155)and 46.6%(82/176)respectively.Conclusions The motivation of Chinese high school seniors to choose medicine as their career is relatively pure.However,they worry about long curriculum and clinician-patient relationship,and their understandings of medicine are not objective and deep enough.Actively exploring the reform of medical college system,improving the relationship between doctors and patients,focusing on medical related lectures and medical related social practice in middle schools will help to attract candidates for learning medicine.