中国式开放:应对全球化三难困境

Chinese-style Opening: Dealing with the Trilemma of Globalization

中国式开放即中国所选择的应对全球化三难困境的基本方式。出于对自身状况及国际政治经济格局的认知,中国有意识地选择了"以国家自主性和社会目标为重,经济开放次之"的应对方式。2010年之后,中国积极主动地扩大开放。这并非是对上述基本方式的偏离,而恰恰是在其指引下的演进,旨在通过自身及面向外部世界的调整,改善本国在国际经济体系中的脆弱性,为国家自主和社会目标提供更加稳固的支持和保障。与此同时,国际体系内的守成大国同样面临全球化三难困境的压力,但其选择的应对方式却更多地在于迫使其他国家尤其是中国,将经济开放置于国家自主性与社会目标之上。这一期待甚至要求与中国式开放之间存在着结构性矛盾,这也正是中美经贸争端的深层次根源。仅就理论而言,中国式开放并不是应对全球化三难困境的唯一可选方案,但基于现实条件的分析表明,在可预见的相当时期内,其余两种替代性的开放道路对中国来说既不可取,亦不可行。

Chinese-style opening is the essential approach that China has chosen to deal with the trilemma of globalization. In recognition of its national conditions and the international situation,China adheres to the fundamental principle of " state autonomy and social goals are the most,followed by economic opening. " Since the 2010s,China has actively expanded its openness;which is not a deviation from the above fundamental principle,but precisely the evolution under its guidance,with the purpose of mitigating the vulnerability in the international system and providing more stable support and guarantee for national autonomy and social goals. At the same time,the established power is also under pressure from the trilemma of globalization,but its choice is more about forcing other countries,especially China,to place economic openness ahead of state autonomy and social goals. There is a structural contradiction between the requirement of the United States and Chinese-style opening,which is also the deep-rooted source of Sino-US economic and trade disputes. Although in theory,Chinese-style opening is not the only option to deal with the dilemma of globalization,the analysis based on realistic conditions shows that the other two alternatives are neither desirable nor feasible.