政府规制的歧视性与服务贸易:基于中国上市企业数据的检验

Discrimination of Government Regulation of and Trade in Services:Based on the Data of Chinese Listed Companies

多年来尽管WTO组织推出种种措施致力于消弥国与国之间的贸易歧视,但服务贸易在当今国际贸易中仍然未能扮演足够分量的角色,在贸易占比中始终不高。文章以中国上市公司中的服务企业为样本,研究目的地市场国家的规制对于跨国企业的影响是否与其对本国服务供应商的影响存在差异。文章的计量结果表明,进口国市场的国内规制对服务贸易确实有重要影响。它们减少了外国服务企业向该国出口的概率和出口的贸易规模量,即规制增加10%,服务出口价值减少7%以上,出口相对于不出口的优势比也减少了2.2%。这一结果证明,即使各国在法律上并未明确规定,一国的规制实际上往往还是带有对外歧视性的,且规制带来的歧视性机制主要以增加外来企业进入市场后的可变成本为主。

Despite long-term efforts by the WTO to eliminate trade discrimination between countries,trade in services does not play a sufficiently significant role in today’s international trade and remains underrepresented. Using a sample of Chinese listed service firms,the article examines whether the impact of destination market country regulations on multinational firms differs from their impact on domestic service providers. Our measurement results show that the domestic regulation of importing market does have an important influence on service trade. They reduce the probability of foreign service companies exporting to the country and the volume of exports. A 10 per cent increase in domestic regulation would reduce the value of services exports by more than 7 per cent and the advantage of exports over non-exports by 2.2 per cent. This result indicates that the regulation of a country is actually discriminatory even if it is not explicitly stipulated in law. Moreover,the discriminatory mechanism brought by regulation is mainly to increase the variable cost of foreign enterprises after entering the market.