猕猴桃采后软腐病病原菌鉴定及香芹酚对其控制效果

Identification of soft rot pathogens in postharvest kiwifruit and its control effect by carvacrol

为明确猕猴桃软腐病病原菌种类及香芹酚对其控制效果,依据传统真菌形态学观察法和rDNA-ITS序列分析技术对发病猕猴桃果实中的致病菌进行病原菌的分离鉴定,并探讨香芹酚对分离得到的猕猴桃软腐病菌的控制效果。结果表明:引起猕猴桃采后果实软腐病的主要致病菌为葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)与拟茎点霉菌(Phomopsis sp.),其次为灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)、层出镰刀菌(Fusarium proliferatum)和链格孢菌(Alternaria sp.);香芹酚对8株猕猴桃软腐病病原真菌均表现出良好的抑菌活性,对葡萄座腔菌和拟茎点霉菌的抑制作用尤为显著,半抑制质量浓度(EC50)为8.87μg/L。同时,香芹酚有效控制模拟销售环境下猕猴桃果实软腐病的发生,放置8 d时处理组发病率仅为对照果实的50.17%,且对猕猴桃果实的品质指标影响不显著(P>0.05)。因此,香芹酚在控制猕猴桃果实采后软腐病方面具有潜在的应用价值。

The pathogenic fungi causing kiwifruit soft rots were isolated and identified by examining the morphological and microscopic characteristics,combined with the results of pathogenicity testing and rDNA-ITS(internal transcribed spacer)sequencing.The contril effect of carvacrol on kiwifruits soft rot was studied.The main pathogens causing soft rot of kiwifruit after harvest are Botryosphaeria dothidea and Phomopsis sp.,followed by Botrytis cinerea,Fusarium proliferatum and Alternaria sp..Carvacrol had significant antifungal activity against the eight soft rot pathogens,especially for B.dothidea,with half effective concentration(EC50)of 8.87μg/L.Simultaneously,carvacrol effectively reduced the incidence of kiwifruit soft rot in a simulated sales environment.The incidence of treatment group was only 50.17%of the control fruit when placed for 8 days,and it had no significant effect on the quality of kiwi fruit(P>0.05).Therefore,carvacrol has potential application value in controlling soft rot of kiwifruit after harvest.