核仁小RNA在恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

Research progress of small nucleolar RNAs in malignancy

核仁小RNA(snoRNA)是一类长度约为60~300个核苷酸的非编码RNA,主要指导核糖体RNA的甲基化和假尿苷化,参与核糖体的成熟和转录后修饰。典型的snoRNA分为C/D盒(C/D box)和H/ACA盒(H/ACA box)两种主要类型。越来越多的证据证明,snoRNA可影响细胞多种生物学行为,与肿瘤形成密切相关。异常的snoRNA通过激活或抑制癌症相关信号通路、靶向作用于p53蛋白,以及调控细胞的自我更新潜能,从而导致肿瘤发生。本文就snoRNA的基本结构及其在恶性肿瘤中的作用机制进行阐述,以期为寻找有效肿瘤治疗靶点和评估患者预后提供新思路。

Small nucleolar RNAs(snoRNAs)constitute a large group of non-coding RNAs.Canonical snoRNAs contain C/D box and H/ACA box types,with the length of 60-300 nucleotides.They are predominantly engaged in 2′-O-methylation or pseudouridylation of ribosomal RNAs.Mounting evidence supported that snoRNAs were a kind of detectable modulators affecting multiple cell behavior and eventually triggered tumorigenesis.The aberration of snoRNAs could regulate cancer-related signal pathways,expedite degradation of p53 protein and induce self-renewal.Herein,the snoRNAs′structure and the latest progress of snoRNAs research in malignancy were briefly summarized,hoping to provide a new idea for the discovery of effective therapeutic targets and promising tumor prognosis markers.