基于插值法和拟合法的水文大断面绘制方法

Drawing method of key hydrological cross-section basedon interpolation method and fitting method

水文大断面测量时由于受水流影响、地形限制等,导致测量点“偏离”断面线,如何利用所谓的“偏离”数据或在无相关地形图的情况下绘制断面线至关重要。针对上述问题,提出了基于插值法和拟合法的断面绘制方法。通过与传统的三角网法和等高线法进行对比发现:该方法与传统方法的高程差异均值在10 cm以内,标准差在0.25 m以内,95%以上的检验点能满足1∶500测图要求。同时,基于插值法和拟合法的断面绘制方法具有以下特点:①不需要所测量的数据完全位于断面线上,允许测量点“偏离”断面线;②减轻了测量的难度,测量船只需在穿越断面线两侧“S”绕行就能完成断面数据采集;③所需采样点少,降低了测量难度和强度,可提高工作效率。

Due to flow and terrain limitation,the measurement points may deviate from the section outline in the measurement of key hydrological cross-section.Thus,how to draw the cross-section outline with the so-called“Deviation”data or without relevant topographic map is very important.In view of the above problems,a new section drawing method based on interpolation method and fitting method was proposed in this paper.Compared with the traditional triangulation network method and contour line method,it was found that the elevation difference between the new method and the traditional method was within±10cm.Also,the standard deviation was within±0.25m and more than 95%of the inspection points could meet the requirements of 1:500 mapping.Besides,the new method has the following characteristics:(1)measurement points do not need to be completely located on the cross-section outline,so the measurement points are allowed to deviate from the section outline;(2)it can reduce the difficulty of measurement,so surveying vessel only needs to cruise in a S-shaped path on both sides of the cross-section outline during data collection;(3)it can reduce the number of sampling points,which reduces the measurement difficulty and improves the work efficiency.