中国苦荞主产区苦荞种质形态性状的遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity Analysis on the Morphological Traits of Tartary Buckwheat Germplasm from Major Production Regions of China

苦荞药食同源,富含生物类黄酮和微量元素,具有众多营养保健功效。本研究旨在了解中国苦荞主产区种质资源的遗传多样性,以期为苦荞的良种选育提供理论依据。选择中国的339份苦荞种质,2014-2015年连续2年在陕西杨凌种植,考察株高、主茎粗、主茎节数、主茎分枝数、二级分枝数、花簇数、千粒重、粒形、粒色9个性状,并进行分析,结果表明:(1)339份苦荞种质资源遗传多样性丰富,大部分农艺性状呈显著的相关性;二级分枝数、花簇数的变异系数大于20%,变异程度较大;一级分枝数、主茎粗、株高、千粒重和主茎节数的变异系数依次降低。(2)主成分分析将7个数量性状简化为3个主成分,累计贡献率为69.08%。聚类分析将苦荞资源分为三组。中国苦荞资源遗传多样性丰富,数量性状与质量性状变异广泛。苦荞种质性状特征与所处环境条件有一定的关联性。研究结果将为中国苦荞资源的遗传改良提供有价值信息。

Tartary buckwheat,a medicinal-edible crop,is rich in bioflavonoids and trace elements,and has many nutraceutical effects.The study aims to estimate the genetic diversities of tartary buckwheat germplasm from major production regions of China,and further provide theoretical basis for the breeding of tartary buckwheat.A total of 339 tartary buckwheat germplasm from China were selected and planted for 2 consecutive years in Yangling,Shaanxi.Nine traits include plant height,stem width,node number,preliminary branch number,secondary branch number,flower cluster number,1000 seed weight,seed size and seed color were recorded and analyzed.The results showed that:(1)The genetic diversity of 339 Tartary buckwheat germplasm resources was rich,and most agronomic traits showed significant correlation.The coefficient of variation of the number of secondary branches and flower clusters was greater than 20%,and the degree of variation was greater.The coefficient of variation of preliminary branch number,main stem diameter,plant height,1000-seed weight and main stem node number decreased in turn.(2)Principal component analysis showed that the seven main quantitative traits are simplified into three principal components,and the cumulative contribution rate was 69.08%.Cluster analysis clustered all the tartary buckwheat varieties into three groups.In conclusion,the tartary buckwheat resources in China are rich in genetic diversity,and there are extensive variations in quantitative traits and quality traits.The characteristics of the tartary buckwheat germplasm resources have a certain relevance to the environmental conditions of the varieties.The research results will provide valuable information for the genetic improvement of tartary buckwheat resources in China.