论马克思“现实性”的本真内涵及其价值意蕴——基于《德意志意识形态》的文本考察

On the True Connotation and Value Implication of Marx's“Reality”--A Textual Investigation Based on The German Ideology

“现实的个人”在马克思、恩格斯的合著《德意志意识形态》中多次出现,对“现实性”的考察是在批判黑格尔、费尔巴哈以及斯蒂纳等人“现实性”的概念中不断形成的。基于对人的实践活动及其所构建的社会关系探究出人的感性活动的本质,进一步揭示“现实的个人”之现实性所蕴含着的其他含义。自然性是历史唯物主义现实性观念的重要内涵;个体性作为现实性得以实现的边界,只有保持在一个特定的限度内才具有积极意义;实践活动的创造性作为整合和弥补本质与实存之间的矛盾成为“现实性”的本质要素所在。对“现实的个人”之“现实性”这一本质内涵的揭示,使得马克思思想完成了由思辨逻辑到科学逻辑的转向;在社会实践中,对思考人与自然、社会的和谐统一以及人在社会发展中的正确定位具有十分重要的意义。

The investigation of“reality”is constantly formed in criticizing the concept of“reality”of Hegel,Feuerbach and Steiner.Based on the practical activities of human beings and the social relations constructed,this paper explores the essence of human perceptual activities and further reveals the other meanings contained in the reality of“realistic individuals”.Naturalness is an important connotation of the reality concept of historical materialism.Individuality,as the boundary of reality,has positive significance only if it is kept within a specific limit.The creativity of practical activities,as the integration and remedy of the contradiction between essence and existence,is the essential element of“reality”.The revelation of the essential connotation of“realistic individual”makes Marx’s thought turn from speculative logic to scientific logic.In social practice,it is of great significance to think about the harmony and unity between man and nature,society and the correct positioning of man in social development.