Combination therapies with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer

In the past few decades,tremendous advances have been made in terms of advaneed non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).The identification of oncogenic drivers and the development of targeted therapies led to the development of"pre&sion"medicine.On the other hand,more attention has been paid to cancer immune escape and a new class of immunomodulatory agents has been developed.It is very attractive to explore the combination strategies of the two approaches,which may also be meaningful from the perspective of immunology.