miRNA在恶性黑色素瘤中的差异性表达及临床意义

Differential expression and clinical significance of miRNA in malignant melanoma

miRNA即微小RNA,是指一类自身具有典型茎环结构且在进化上高度保守的非编码RNA,其无法编码蛋白质,但却被证实是基因表达调节机制中非常重要的成员之一。在细胞的完整生长周期中发挥重要的调节作用。研究表明miRNA约半数都位于癌基因所在的区域,且不同miRNA的表达水平差异性较大,表明miRNA的表达情况与肿瘤的发生具有一定的相关性,明确miRNA在肿瘤发生、发展中的作用,在肿瘤的早期诊断以及确定与之相对应的miRNA靶向治疗方面均具有重要意义。本文就近年来恶性黑色素瘤相关性miRNA及其靶基因的研究进行综述,旨在阐述几种不同类型miRNA在恶性黑色素瘤发生、发展过程中的差异性表达及临床意义,为恶性黑色素瘤的miRNA靶向治疗提供理论基础。

miRNA,or microRNA,is a class of non-coding RNAs with a typical stem-loop structure and a high degree of evolutionary conservation.miRNA can not encode proteins,but have been shown to be an important member of the regulation mechanism of gene expression.It is plays an important regulatory role in the complete cell growth cycle.The research shows that about half of miRNA are located in the region where oncogenes are located,and the expression levels of miRNA vary greatly.This indicates that the expression of miRNA is related to the occurrence of tumors,and the role of miRNA in the occurrence and development of tumors is clear,it is very important for the early diagnosis of tumor and the identification of miRNA targeting therapy.This review focuses on the research of malignant melanoma-associated miRNA and their target genes in order to elucidate the differential expression and clinical significance of several different types of miRNA during the development of malignant melanoma,this study provides a theoretical basis for miRNA targeted therapy of malignant melanoma.