清代的銮仪卫

The Imperial Honor Guard Luanyiwei of the Qing Dynasty

清承明制之锦衣卫而改设为銮仪卫,仅掌皇帝卤簿车轿仪仗,而除其侦缉职能弊端。其机构、设官较明代精简,卤簿执役人员也较唐宋明等朝大为减少,费用节省。銮仪卫是满人为主的旗人武职机构,其中汉军缺虽少于满洲缺,但相较于其他机构则较多,升迁也较快。该机构职官的升迁、校尉的接替带有内部性。銮仪卫职掌因具有近御侍从性,与皇帝、后妃的人身安全相关,其职权、禁近要差以满人执掌,掌卫事大臣多皇家贵戚近人。銮仪卫官职带有荣耀性,皇帝也以此笼络任职者。

The Qing Dynasty followed the previous system setting up the honor guard of Luanyiwei corresponding to Jinyiwei of the Ming dynasty,which was fully responsible for the emperor’ s grand ceremonial activities but no more in charge of detection and arrest.The Luanyiwei is a military office dominated by the Manchu that had fewer staffing and less finance than that of the Tang,Song,Ming dynasties.There are not as many official posts for the Han people as in other departments,yet they got more opportunities to be promoted,because the Luanyiwei is directly affiliated to the imperial internal household agency in charge of the officials’ promotion and the guards’ succession.The heads of the Luanyiwei Guard were chosen from the royal relatives for their special responsibility that allowed them to serve the emperors and empresses and concubines as the imperial bodyguards.The officials felt it a great glory to be the head of the Luanyiwei guard agency,so emperors would take the advantage of appointing them to the post to gain their obedience and supports.