论清代太医院的防疫职能

On The Functions of the Qing Imperial Academy of Medicine in Epidemic Prevention and Control

清代瘟疫频发,客观上推动了传统温病学派及其理论的发展。作为"掌医之政令,率其属以供医事"的太医院,在保持固有职能的同时,也积极参与到瘟疫等传染性疾病的防治研究中,且因之而发生了职能上的重要转变。清代太医院已把瘟疫防治初步纳入医学人才选拔和考核体系,并适时加大其内设机构职能的调整。太医院在精研、制配防治药品和引方等以指导各地防疫抗疫的同时,"施药"成为其重要职守。雍、乾时期形成的颁赏锭子药"成例",特别是乾隆时期将医生随征、药料备办纳入《钦定户部军需则例》中,为国家军事行动的顺利开展以及边防镇守、河道、漕运等事关国家安全体制的正常运行,提供了具有针对性的强力保障。

The epidemics frequently raging in the Qing times objectively pushed forward the traditional febrile disease schools academically and theoretically. The Qing court put epidemic diseases under the epidemic and disaster prevention and control system. The Imperial Academy of Medicine(Tài Yī Yuàn in Chinese pinyin) in charge of national medical administration and service was actively participating in the prevention and control of epidemics, which is consequently followed by the adjustment of its functions. This thesis explores the Qing Imperial Academy of Medicine(Tài Yī Yuàn) for the details about its responsibilities in medical service, pharmacy development and the role it played in assisting major military affairs and ensuring the safe operation of the vital governmental administrations.